Learning from the Earthquake Survivors in Sichuan, China!

12 May 2011 marked the third anniversary of Sichuan Earthquake in China. Eden’s staffs in 512 Hope Sheltered Workshop organized a memorial activity together with Hong Kong Red Cross for earthquake survivors. The activity started with three minutes of silent prayer for families and friends who lost their lives. We then share our memories of the devastating disaster, the challenges we have to face today, and the vision for the future. After sharing, trainees wrote their hopes for the future on origami cranes and stars One of the trainees in the 512 Hope Sheltered Workshop, Ms Liang, shared: “My job today is to live my life well everyday!” As a matter of fact, most of the earthquake survivors are thankful and cherish their blessings after surviving the disasters. Although Eden is playing a role of helper, nevertheless our staffs are inspired by the earthquake survivors’ strength and their view on life. One trainee said: “I used to play mahjong when I had time. However, now I spend my time with my children and family. Not only I work Eden’s Sheltered Workshop, I am now learning embroidery. My life today is busy but fulfilled!” Disaster can’t be predicted, but we can make every moment of our life meaningful. Earthquake survivors in Sichuan, indeed, have taught us a lot about life.

Learning from the Earthquake Survivors in Sichuan, China!



Ms. Liang, an earthquake survivor and a trainee  

in Eden's 512 Hope Sheltered Workshop, 

folded an origami crane to commemorate the
Sichuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008. 



12 May 2011 marked the third anniversary of Sichuan Earthquake in China. On this day, Eden’s staffs in 512 Hope Sheltered Workshop in Sichuan organized a memorial activity together with Hong Kong Red Cross for earthquake survivors.

The activity started with three minutes of silent prayer for families and friends who lost their lives. We then shared our memories of the devastating disaster, the challenges for today, and our vision for the future. After sharing, trainees made origami cranes and stars and wrote their wishes on them. Heart-shaped circles of origami cranes and stars were formed later on, signifying that our hope for the future remains.  
 

Ms Liang, one of the trainees in the 512 Hope Sheltered Workshop said: “My job today is to live my life well everyday!” As a matter of fact, most of the earthquake survivors are thankful and cherish their blessings after surviving the disaster. Although Eden is playing a role of helper, nevertheless our staffs are inspired by the earthquake survivors’ strength and their view on life. Another trainee said: “I used to play mahjong when I had time. However, now I spend my time with my children and family. Not only I work in Eden’s Sheltered Workshop, I am now also learning embroidery. My life today is busy but fulfilled!”

Disasters can’t be predicted, but we can make every moment of our life meaningful. Earthquake survivors in Sichuan, indeed, have taught us a lot about life.

針對受害者協助的「連接點 – 詳細指導意見」

Connecting the Dots -- Detailed Guidance


譯者：蔣一心

下載完整的「連接點 – 詳細指導意見」PDF檔

Click here to download the full document "Connecting the Dots" in PDF.




一個年輕的哥倫比亞雷傷者。近幾年來，已紀錄的地雷傷亡者數量全球達上萬人次。攝影者：Giovanni Diffidenti

A young Colombian landmine survivor. In recent years, tens of thousands of new landmine casualties have been recorded globally. Photo: Giovanni Diffidenti



眾所皆知，因地雷、戰爭遺留爆炸物與集束彈藥意外下的生還者，極少數能夠完全融入社會的各個面向。同樣的，對於大多數受到衝突影響的發展中國家，有更多這方面的身心障礙生還者面臨同樣的問題。然而，在最近的十到二十年，全球對戰爭遺留爆炸物造成的生還者與其它身心障礙人士的權利已有高漲的意識。由於相關的意識和行動提升生還者和身心障礙者的權利，現在透過三個不同但是相關的國際公約來解決這種情況，並獲得進展。同時，這三個公約創造了一個重要的法律架構或法律工具來保護並促進生還者與身心障礙者的權利。

It is widely recognized that few survivors of incidents caused by landmines or explosive remnants of war, including cluster munitions, are fully included in all aspects of society. In most developing countries emerging from, or affected by conflict, the same can be said of the broader population of persons with disabilities in which many survivors can be included. However, over the last decade or two, there has been a global upsurge of awareness around the rights of survivors and other persons with disabilities. As a result of such awareness and activism to promote survivors' and disability rights, there has been progress to address this exclusion through three distinct but closely related international treaties. Together, these three treaties create an important legal framework, or legal toolkit, to defend the rights and promote the inclusion of survivors and other persons with disabilities.

三個公約之一的禁雷公約(MBT)，也稱為渥太華條公約，禁止人員殺傷性地雷的使用、庫存、製造和移轉，並加以摧毀。該條款於1999年生效，是第一個全球性裁減軍備的公約並約束各個締約國需依能力提供雷傷者協助，包括照顧、復健，並讓雷傷者融入經濟、社會等。

The first of these three treaties was the Mine Ban Treaty (MBT) or the Ottawa Convention, which is formally known as the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction. Entering into force in 1999, the MBT is the first global disarmament treaty that binds each State Party "in a position to do so" to "provide assistance for the care and rehabilitation, and social and economic reintegration of mine victims…"

公約中關於受害者協助的語言是相當廣泛且不精確的。然而，透過後來的行動計畫，禁雷公約的締約國承諾採取實際行動以加強提供給生還者的協助，並發展這些行動的監督機制。2009年底，各個締約國同意通過從2010年到2014年的卡塔赫納行動計畫。這個計畫讓實施受害者協助有了符合人權的基礎，例如採用和履行身心障礙者權利公約。

The language of the treaty itself, in regards to victim assistance, is fairly broad and imprecise. However, through subsequent action plans, States Parties to the MBT have committed to achieve concrete actions to enhance the assistance provided to survivors and to develop the means to monitor progress in implementing these actions. At the end of 2009, States Parties agreed to the second and most recent of these, the Cartagena Action Plan 2010-2014 (CAP). This Plan sets the stage for implementing victim assistance in line with recent developments in human rights, such as the adoption and implementation of the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

集束彈藥公約於2010年8月1日生效，也是裁減軍備公約，禁止另一種濫傷無辜的武器。該公約採用禁雷公約與身心障礙者權利公約的經驗，它對於「以權利為基礎的受害者協助」擁有更有力的規定。如同集束彈藥聯盟所說「集束彈藥公約使國家有責任確保所有集束彈藥受害者的完整權利，適當的提供協助，包括醫療照顧、復健、心理支持和提供經濟與社會支援。這與人道法、人權法相同」

The Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM), which entered into force on 1 August 2010, is also a disarmament treaty banning the use of another class of indiscriminate weapons. It was developed taking into consideration the lessons learned from the MBT and Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities processes and contains stronger provisions on rights-based victim assistance. As stated by the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC), "the CCM ensures the full realization of rights of all cluster munition victims by obligating states, in accordance with applicable humanitarian and human rights law, to adequately provide assistance, including medical care, rehabilitation and psychological support, and provide for their economic and social inclusion."

集束彈藥公約的受害者協助措施是強制性的，並且締約國必須針對受害者協助報告進展，不像禁雷公約對於國家回報受害者協助的狀況是採自願性的。集束彈藥公約締約國為了履行集束彈藥公約的受害者協助義務，在2010年11月通過永珍行動計畫，該計畫定義角色、責任，列出具體可測量的步驟、行動和標準，並要在一定的期限內完成。

Compliance with victim assistance measures included in the CCM is compulsory and States Parties are required to report on their progress in fulfilling victim assistance obligations, unlike the MBT, where reporting on victim assistance obligations is voluntary. In November 2010, States Parties to the CCM agreed on the Vientiane Action Plan (VAP), which defines roles and responsibilities and sets out concrete and measurable steps, actions and targets to be completed within specific time periods for the implementation of victim assistance obligations of the Convention.

2008年3月3日，聯合國身心障礙者權利公約生效，顯示身心障礙已是全球重視的人權議題。聯合國祕書長稱讚這一天為「歷史性的一刻，我們努力實現全人類的世界人權，並建立一個包容的社會」。批准身心障礙者權利公約的國家接近 100 個。這些國家開始建立新法律和政策以提升身心障礙者的權利，並且發展落實公約義務的機制。

On 3 May 2008, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) entered into force, signaling a global recognition of disability as a human rights issue. The UN Secretary General hailed this day as a "historic moment in our quest for realization of the universal human rights for all persons, creating a fully inclusive society for all." Ratifications of the CRPD are now nearing 100. Countries are beginning to put new laws and policies in place to promote the rights of persons with disabilities and are developing mechanisms to implement the treaty's obligations.

雖然這三個公約的起源不同，例如裁減軍備或是人權考量，但目標都是提升生還者或是身心障礙者全面融入社會。受害者協助的原則和內涵，如同禁雷公約的行動計畫和集束彈藥公約兩者所提及的內容，並與身心障礙者權利公約所條列的身心障礙者權利相符。例如，身心障礙者權利公約第25條規定，國家有義務提供地雷或集束彈藥生還者適當的醫療照顧。這條規定承認身心障礙者有權利不受歧視並達到最高健康標準。

While the treaties originate from different contexts, either disarmament or human rights, all three share the goal of promoting the full inclusion of survivors and other persons with disabilities within society. The principles and components of victim assistance, as outlined in the Action Plans of the MBT and in the CCM, correspond to the human rights of persons with disabilities as enumerated through the CRPD. For example, a State's obligation to provide a landmine or cluster munition survivor with appropriate medical care corresponds to the CRPD's Article 25 which recognizes that persons with disabilities have the right to the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination.

在三個公約中，締約國和民間社會已設計出一套履行的措施；在組織和政府單位中建立核心團體，積極提升生還者和身心障礙者權利；並且設有國際監督機制追蹤實施進程。

For each of these treaties, States Parties and civil society have designed a set of implementation tools; there is a core group of organizations and governmental agencies that are actively promoting them; and international monitoring mechanisms exist to track implementation progress.

使這些法律框架發揮最大功能的關鍵是連結這三個公約的主題、議題、締約者、機構。連接點 – 詳細指導意見這份文件的目標是透過說明三個重要主題：生還者與身心障礙者的可親近性、就業與教育，以加強受害者協助。

The key to making the most of these legal frameworks is the strategic connection between the themes, issues, stakeholders, mechanisms across the three treaties. The document Connecting the Dots - Detailed Guidance aims to enhance victim assistance by illustrating the importance of three themes, accessibility, employment and education for survivors and persons with disabilities within the frameworks of these treaties.

所有身心障礙者，包括地雷與集束彈藥的生還者，都要面對融入社會的重重阻礙。身心障礙權利公約強調身心障礙者的權利。禁雷公約和集束彈藥公約包含協助生還者的義務。雖然一個是有關人權的公約，另兩個是人道援助義務的裁減軍備公約，不過這三者皆提及地雷與集束彈藥的生還者要融入社會的重重阻礙。應用身心障礙者權利公約，有助於加強以權利為基礎的受害者協助。同時，裁減軍備公約以及大眾對裁減軍備認知的增加，強調不論這些受害者在哪裡生活，受害者協助皆需具備容易取得、低經濟負擔的特質。

All persons with disabilities, among them landmine and cluster munitions survivors, face barriers to inclusion in society. The CRPD focuses on the rights of persons with disabilities. The MBT and CCM include obligations to assist survivors. Though one is a human rights treaty, and the other two disarmament treaties with humanitarian assistance obligations, all three have something to say regarding these barriers to inclusion. Applying the CRPD helps enhance the rights-based components of victim assistance. At the same time, the disarmament treaties and the common understandings that grew around them put an emphasis on the availability and affordability of services for survivors, wherever they live.

要使這三個公約發揮最大效用，必須加強受害者協助和促進身心障礙者的各種權利。接下來的內容，會說明促使此三個公約連結的實務指導。

To make the most of the three treaties it is necessary to take steps both to improve victim assistance and to promote the broader rights of persons with disabilities. The following pages provide a practical guide to making such connections.

我們也運用其它提供指導的文件，例如，卡塔赫納行動計畫、卡塔赫納行動計畫實施建議和永珍行動計畫。

We have also used other documents that offer guidance on best practices when implementing these treaties as starting points, such as the CAP, the Recommendations on Implementing the CAP presented by the Co-Chairs of the MBT's Standing Committee on Victim Assistance in 2009, and the VAP.

這些實務指導涵蓋：

l   概述此三個公約的一般連結。

l   探索公約所關注身心障礙者與生還者，他們的可親近性、就業與教育三個主題之間的連結，這能加強受害者協助的實現與提昇身心障礙者的權利。

l   為此三個主題提供政策和實務經驗差距的案例。

l   如何透過倡議、政策和立法讓這三個公約和行動計畫能夠在國家的層級施行。

This guide will:

l   Outline the general connections between the three treaties;

l   Explore the connections between the treaties around each of the three thematic areas of accessibility, employment and education which can both enhance the implementation of victim assistance and the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities;

l   Provide examples of gaps in policy and practice experienced in these same three thematic areas;

l   Look at how these treaties and their action plans can be applied at the national level through advocacy, policy and legislation.

最後，附件A的第一和第二部份，深入探討可親近性，並提供烏干達案例，透過他們促進地雷和集束彈藥生還者融入社會的經驗，來瞭解如何解決實行的阻礙。附件B，顯示有生還者的國家對這三個公約簽署或施行的情形。

Finally, Annex A, parts I and II, takes a deeper look at accessibility and presents a case study from Uganda to provide guidance on how to tackle barriers to implementation, based on the experience in promoting accessibility in their countries gained by landmine and cluster munition survivors. Annex B shows current treaty status of relevant states with survivors.

我們希望這個指導能協助非政府組織和政府都能更瞭解如何運用這三個公約促進受害者協助的執行。

We hope that this guide will help both non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governments better understand how they can use these three treaties to make progress in implementing victim assistance.


連結網址：http://www.icbl.org/index.php/icbl/Library/News-Articles/Work/VA-guidance-document

ICBL&CMC Taiwan Campaign Activity - Awareness-raising in Campus

On 22 April, 2011, Eden Social Welfare Foundation was invited to give a lecture on- The Role of ICBL (International Campaign to Ban Landmines) and CMC (Cluster Munition Coalition) in Promoting Global Human Rights- Global Civil Society’s Monitoring Mechanism at Taipei Medical University (TMU).

 

Last year, Eden gave a lecture on anti-landmine and cluster munitions in TMU and Eden was once again invited this year. In TMU’s lectures, Eden shared latest global campaign news and raised awareness about 1997 Mine Ban Treaty and the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions. This year, we attracted more than 30 students and faculty staffs to attend the lecture. Most of the audience has medical background; many international students also attended. Speakers were Serena Chang and Paul Chun from Eden Social Welfare Foundation, the ICBL’s campaigner in Taiwan.

The lecture started with a short presentation on Eden’s work in promoting disability welfare both in Taiwan and abroad, then addressed the humanitarian concerns resulting from global problems of antipersonnel landmine and cluster munitions. Real life stories of survivors and the challenges they face today were highlighted. The presentation also put emphasis on civil society’s role in making difference. In particular, it addressed the success of ICBL and CMC’s global advocacies to make the Mine Ban Treaty and the Convention on Cluster Munitions become binding international laws and legal tools to protect basic human rights. Civil society’s efforts to monitor the two conventions through the initiative of Landmine and Cluster Munitions Monitor were also discussed, followed by a presentation on Taiwan’s present situation with regards to these two inhuman weapons.

Following this, we also encouraged all participants t to take active role in civil societies and work together for the humanitarian movement. For that reason, Eden organized an activity: “Hands up! Sign the petition!” The activity is held into two parts: the first named “Raise Hands, Mines & Cluster Bombs can be banned!” Participants declared for fully support a global ban on Mines and cluster bombs via signing on a card. The second part “Recycle Bin for landmines in Taiwan” is to call on participants to support the amendment to the Taiwan Antipersonnel Landmines Regulations Act. Participants were requested to sign on a landmine-shaped petition card, to urge Taiwan authorities take action to implement a complete ban as required by the Mine Ban Treaty by destroying all stockpiles and prohibit the use of landmines in all circumstances, including wartime. The activity was welcomed and well participated in this TMU lecture.

推動禁雷公約進步的活動

Campaign Pushes for Progress on Landmine Treaty

譯者：陳博文

「國家要根除地雷與其所帶來的危害，唯一的方式是加入並完全尊重《禁雷公約》。」國際反地雷組織在柬埔寨的一場促進地雷意識與協助的工作坊作了以上的表示。

Siem Reap, Cambodia, 4 April 2011 - States can only eradicate landmines and the suffering they cause by joining and completely respecting the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty, said the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) today, at a workshop in Cambodia to mark the International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action.

「我們回到了禁雷運動的搖籃，呼籲並推動禁雷公約的普世化與落實。」國際反地雷組織的執行長Kasia Derlicka做了以上的表示。「無雷世界是我們共同的目標，雖然要達到這個目標是伸手可及的，但我們仍需要作更多的努力以達成這個目標。」

"We have returned to the cradle of the mine ban movement to push for progress on the full universalization and implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty," explained Kasia Derlicka, ICBL Director. "Our common goal of a mine-free world is within reach, but we must all do more to get there."

市民社會、政府與聯合國政府代表於四月4日聚集在柬埔寨的暹粒省以發起第十一屆的《禁雷公約》會員國大會，該大會將於2011年11月於柬埔寨的金邊舉辦。能在柬埔寨舉辦該大會無疑是幸運的，因為柬埔寨過去受到地雷許多的影響，也是整個禁雷運動的核心發源地。

Civil society, government and United Nations representatives are gathering in Siem Reap, Cambodia on 4 April to launch the road to the 11th Meeting of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty, which will take place in Phnom Penh in November 2011. Cambodia is an auspicious location for the meeting as it is heavily affected by landmines and has been central to the movement to establish the Mine Ban Treaty.

國際反地雷組織期待於2011年11月的會議上見到會員國於四個關鍵領域能有所進步。1. 清理雷區。2. 協助受難者。3. 提供必要的資金與資源。4. 確保全世界都能遵守《禁雷公約》。

There are four key areas where the ICBL expects to see progress from states at the November 2011 meeting: 1. clearing mined areas, 2. assisting victims, 3. providing the necessary funding and resources, and 4. ensuring universal adherence to the Mine Ban Treaty.

國際反地雷組織大使，同時也是雷傷者Tun Channareth表示：「當各個政府於今年11月於金邊見面時，我們不希望只聽到滿是官腔的訊息，我們更樂意聽到各個國家提出他們對於無雷家園所做的具體行動。」

"When governments meet in Phnom Penh this November, we do not want to hear rhetoric or platitudes, but rather what concrete actions they are taking to create a mine-free world," said Tun Channareth, ICBL Ambassador and a landmine survivor from Cambodia.

國際反地雷組織以及其活動上的姊妹組織－集束彈藥聯盟，利用這個機會呼籲國際社會遵守2008年的《集束彈藥公約》。

The ICBL and its sister campaign the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC), together took the opportunity to call for global adherence to, and implementation of, the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions.





來自柬埔寨反地雷與集束彈藥組織的Denise Coghlan向工作坊的成員進行演講。專題討論的其他成員包含支持落實禁雷公約組織、聯合國開發計畫署、柬埔寨地雷行動與紅十字會。

Denise Coghlan from the Cambodia Campaign to Ban Landmines and Cluster Munitions addressed workshop participants. Other panelists included the Mine Ban Treaty's Implementation Support Unit, the UNDP, the Cambodian Mine Action Authority and the ICRC. Photo: Stephane De Greef

  

東南亞地區是最需要《禁雷公約》與《集束彈藥公約》的地方，因為過去以來他們受到地雷與集束彈藥相當程度的影響。

The need for adherence to both treaties is especially great in South-East Asia, which has been so profoundly marked by the deadly legacy of landmines and cluster munitions.

「柬埔寨今年應該要參與《集束彈藥公約》，並成為該地區第一個參加兩個公約的國家。」國際反地雷組織青年大使Song Kosal作了以上的表示，Song Kosal同時也是雷傷的倖存者。柬埔寨與越南、寮國一樣，受到集束彈藥高度的污染。

"Cambodia should join the Convention on Cluster Munitions this year and be the first country in the region to be party to both treaties," said ICBL Youth Ambassador Song Kosal, who is a Cambodian landmine survivor. Cambodia is highly contaminated with cluster munitions, as are Laos and Vietnam.

全球受地雷與集束彈藥影響的國家達到70個國家。在兩個公約中，清理所有受污染的地區是這兩個公的人道目標。兩個公約的會員國需要改善他們在清理上的效率，包含更精確地確認受污染的地區。例如柬埔寨現在正進行一個生存基準線的重劃，以更清楚地辨識受污染的區域。

Landmines and cluster munitions still affect the lives of people in around 70 countries across the globe. Clearing all affected areas, a requirement under both treaties, is a critical part of meeting their humanitarian goals. States Parties to both conventions need to improve efficiency in clearance, including by more precisely identifying affected areas. For example, Cambodia is currently conducting a new baseline survey to better understand the extent of its contamination.

兩公約皆要求需要對受難者提供協助，以支持他們被社會所接受，增加實質的工作機會以及確認他們的權利被尊重。此外，除了忍受生理上的疼痛，倖存者還得面對服務與工作機會的短缺、有限的能力培養課程，以及最重要的是財務上與技術資源的不足。

Both conventions also require victim assistance to support landmine and cluster munition survivors' efforts to achieve social acceptance, gain meaningful employment and ensure their rights are respected. In addition to enduring physical pain, survivors report that they are faced with a lack of services and job opportunities, limited capacity-building programs and, most importantly, insufficient financial and technical resources for victim assistance.

柬埔寨是世界上受地雷與集束彈藥所傷人數最多的國家之一，高達四萬四千個雷傷者。藉由完全的落實該國對於身障者的國家計畫，柬埔寨可以免強地確保倖存者接受到他們所生活最基本的所需。

With some 44,000 survivors, Cambodia is one of the states with the largest number of people who have suffered the traumas of landmines and cluster munitions. By fully implementing its National Plan of Action for Persons with Disabilities, which has faltered so far, Cambodia could ensure that survivors receive the support they need to lead dignified lives.





四月四日於柬埔寨的暹粒省所舉辦的慶典，活動包含一個慶祝會以及一個身心障礙者的表演。該活動事由柬埔寨反地雷與反集束彈藥聯盟所組織。

4 April celebrations in Siem Reap included a ceremony and performance by dancers with disabilities, organized by the Cambodia Campaign to Ban Landmines and Cluster Munitions. Photo: Stephane De Greef

面對地雷與集束彈藥的挑戰，其更需要適當的國家與國際的資源。捐贈的國家需要承諾多年期的捐贈，並協調以確認所有受污染的國家都能符合所需的協助。

Meeting the challenges of landmines and cluster munitions also requires adequate and sustained support from both national and international sources. Donor states need to commit multi-year funding and to coordinate to ensure all affected states receive required assistance.

對於地雷與集束彈藥公約而言，今年是重要的一年。首先第十一屆《禁雷公約》會員國大會將於2011年11月28日-12月2日於柬埔寨的金邊舉行。第二次的《集束彈藥公約》的會員國大會也將於2011年9月12-16日於黎巴嫩召開。在這些會議中，政府代表將與非政府組織、聯合國機構與國際紅十字會委員會一同檢視過去在禁止使用地雷與集束彈藥的進步狀況，以及過去使用的狀況。

This year is key for both the landmine and cluster munition treaties. The 11th Meeting of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty will take place in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, from 28 November - 2 December 2011. The Second Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions will take place in Beirut, Lebanon, from 12-16 September 2011. During these meetings, government representatives will join non-governmental organizations, UN agencies and the International Committee of the Red Cross to assess progress made in banning landmines and cluster munitions and in addressing consequences of past use.

1997年所通過的《禁雷公約》，至今已經有156個會員國。2008年通過的《集束彈藥公約》則有108國簽署，期中55個國家已經批准。除了全面性地禁止地雷與集束彈藥的使用，兩個公約接要求國家清除既有的雷區，消滅儲存的武器，並對生存者以及其家人、社區提供協助。

The 1997 Mine Ban Treaty currently has 156 States Parties. The 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions has 108 signatories, of which 55 have already ratified. In addition to comprehensively banning landmines and cluster munitions, both treaties require states to clear all their contaminated areas, destroy their stockpiles of the weapons, and provide assistance to survivors, their families and communities.

背景

Background

國際反地雷組織與集束彈藥聯盟是全球性的組織，會員國約有100個國家。國際反地雷組織於1997年獲得諾貝爾和平獎，其被認為是1997禁雷公約的推動者。集束彈藥聯盟對於2008年的《集束彈藥公約》扮演重要角色，現在並致力於該公約的普及化與落實。集束彈藥聯盟於2011年加入國際反地雷組織形成了「國際反地雷組織-集束彈藥聯盟」。

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) are global campaigns with members in around 100 countries. The ICBL, recipient of the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize, is recognized as the driving force behind the achievement and ongoing success of the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty. The CMC played the key role in the creation of the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions, and now works for its universalisation and implementation. The campaigns joined in 2011 to form the ICBL-CMC.

原文出處：http://www.icbl.org/index.php/icbl/Library/News-Articles/Work/pr-4april2011